Aquascaping is the craft of arranging aquatic plants, as well as rocks, stones, cavework, or driftwood, in an aesthetically pleasing manner within an aquarium—in effect, growing plants under water. Aquascape designs include a quantity of unique styles, including the garden-like Dutch style and the Japanese-inspired nature style. Generally, an aquascape houses fish as well as plant life, although it is possible to create an aquascape with plants only, or with rockwork or other hardscape and no plant life. Although the primary goal of aquascaping is to create an artful underwater landscape, the technical aspects of tank maintenance and the growth requirements of aquatic plants are also taken into consideration. Many factors must be balanced in the closed system of an aquarium tank to ensure the success of the aquascape. These factors include filtration, maintaining co2 dioxide at levels sufficient to support photosynthesis underwater, substrate and fertilization, illumination, and algae ...